zucchini fritters

The name is not an exaggeration. Zucchini clouds are savoury fritters so light and airy that they genuinely seem to have more in common with a soufflé than with a standard vegetable fritter — pale golden on the outside, impossibly tender within, dissolving on the tongue with a flavour that is mild, herbaceous, and deeply savoury from the combination of zucchini, fresh dill, spring onion, garlic, nutritional yeast, and lemon. They are called clouds because of what happens when aquafaba — the liquid from a tin of chickpeas — is whipped to stiff peaks and folded into the zucchini batter just before cooking: the whipped aquafaba introduces thousands of tiny air bubbles into the mixture, and when the fritters hit the hot pan, those bubbles expand in the heat and push the batter upward and outward, creating a fritter that puffs, rises, and sets with an almost ethereal lightness that no conventional fritter batter can replicate. These vegan zucchini clouds are 100% plant-based, dairy-free, egg-free, and can be made gluten-free with a simple flour swap. They are ready in 30 minutes. They serve 4 as a light dinner or starter, or 2 as a main course. They are equally at home as a weekend brunch dish with a yogurt dipping sauce, as a light weeknight dinner with a simple salad, or as a starter at a dinner party where something elegant and unexpected is called for. The technique is what separates a cloud from an ordinary fritter.

The technique is the whipped-aquafaba-fold method. Standard vegan fritter batters are dense and flat by default — without eggs to provide leavening, structure, and aeration, a fritter batter mixed from flour, grated vegetables, and seasonings produces a heavy, compact fritter with a thick, stodgy interior. Baking powder provides some lift but its action is chemical rather than mechanical and produces a coarser, more bready texture rather than the light, dissolving quality of a truly airy fritter. The whipped-aquafaba-fold method achieves genuine lightness through mechanical aeration. Aquafaba — the viscous liquid from a tin of chickpeas — contains a mixture of proteins, starches, and saponins that mimic the foaming and stabilising properties of egg white when whipped. Whipped to stiff peaks in a clean bowl with a pinch of cream of tartar (which stabilises the foam by lowering the pH and preventing the protein network from collapsing), aquafaba forms a dense, stable foam with millions of tiny trapped air bubbles. This foam is then folded — not stirred or beaten — into the prepared zucchini batter in three additions, using a large metal spoon or spatula in a gentle, scooping motion that preserves as many air bubbles as possible. The fritter batter, once the aquafaba foam is incorporated, is visibly lighter and more voluminous than it was before — it holds its shape in the pan rather than spreading flat, and the heat of the oil causes the air bubbles to expand, giving the fritter its characteristic puffed, cloud-like appearance and melt-in-the-mouth texture.

This recipe serves 4 as a starter or light dinner.

Recipe Information

Ingredients

For the Zucchini Base

• 3 medium zucchini (courgettes), approximately 500g (18oz) — grated on the large holes of a box grater; do not peel
• ½ tsp fine salt — for drawing moisture from the zucchini before mixing
• 3 spring onions (scallions), finely sliced — both white and green parts
• 2 cloves garlic, very finely minced
• 3 tbsp fresh dill, roughly chopped — dill is the defining herb in this recipe; its bright, slightly anise-like flavour is the primary aromatic note of the cloud; fresh dill only — dried dill has a dusty, diminished flavour that does not work here
• 2 tbsp fresh flat-leaf parsley, roughly chopped
• 3 tbsp nutritional yeast — umami depth and a cheese-adjacent savouriness
• 1 tsp lemon zest — brightness and fragrance
• 1 tbsp lemon juice
• 4 tbsp plain flour or rice flour (for gluten-free) — the structural binder; just enough to hold the fritter together; do not add more or the clouds will become dense
• ¼ tsp black pepper
• ¼ tsp fine salt (seasoning — in addition to the drawing salt above)

For the Whipped Aquafaba

• 120ml (½ cup) aquafaba — from a tin of chickpeas; the liquid should be at room temperature, not cold (cold aquafaba takes significantly longer to whip and produces a less stable foam); shake the tin before opening
• ¼ tsp cream of tartar — stabilises the aquafaba foam; do not omit; white wine vinegar (¼ tsp) can be substituted

For Cooking

• 2 tbsp neutral oil per batch — enough for a thin, even coating of the pan

For Serving

• Vegan yogurt dipping sauce: 150ml plant-based yogurt, 1 clove garlic (minced), 1 tbsp lemon juice, 1 tbsp fresh dill, salt and pepper to taste — stir together and refrigerate until serving
• Fresh dill sprigs
• Lemon wedges

Instructions

1. Draw moisture from the zucchini. Grate the zucchini on the large holes of a box grater into a large bowl. Add ½ teaspoon of fine salt, toss to combine, and leave for 10 minutes. Transfer in batches to a clean tea towel and squeeze firmly to remove as much liquid as possible. The squeezed zucchini should feel dry and slightly compressed. Transfer to a clean large bowl.
2. Make the zucchini base. Add the spring onions, garlic, dill, parsley, nutritional yeast, lemon zest, lemon juice, flour, black pepper, and seasoning salt to the squeezed zucchini. Mix thoroughly until all ingredients are evenly distributed. The mixture will be slightly sticky and cohesive but not a pourable batter — it should hold its shape loosely when scooped. Set aside.
3. Make the dipping sauce. Combine all dipping sauce ingredients in a small bowl, stir well, and refrigerate until serving.
4. Whip the aquafaba — whipped-aquafaba-fold method, Stage 1. Ensure your mixing bowl and whisk/beaters are completely clean and dry — any trace of fat or oil will prevent the aquafaba from foaming. Place the room-temperature aquafaba and cream of tartar in the bowl. Whip with an electric hand mixer or stand mixer on high speed for 4–6 minutes until the aquafaba forms stiff, glossy peaks — the foam should stand upright on the beaters without drooping and should not move when the bowl is tilted. The foam will be significantly stiffer and more voluminous than it appears possible from the thin liquid it began as.
5. Fold the aquafaba — Stage 2. Add one-third of the whipped aquafaba foam to the zucchini mixture. Using a large metal spoon or rubber spatula, fold gently using a scooping motion from the bottom of the bowl upward and over — do not stir, do not beat. The first addition is the loosening addition; it does not need to be perfectly folded. Add the second third and fold again, more carefully this time, preserving the air bubbles. Add the final third and fold with the greatest care until just incorporated — a few streaks of white foam remaining is preferable to overmixing. The finished batter should be noticeably lighter, more voluminous, and slightly pillowy compared to the zucchini base alone.
6. Cook the clouds. Heat 2 tablespoons of neutral oil in a large non-stick frying pan over medium heat — not high heat; the clouds need gentler heat than a standard fritter to allow the interior to set before the exterior over-browns. Spoon heaped tablespoons of the batter into the pan, spacing them generously — they will puff and spread slightly. Cook undisturbed for 3–4 minutes until the bases are golden and the edges are visibly set. Flip gently with a thin spatula — the clouds are more delicate than standard fritters; handle with care. Cook for a further 2–3 minutes on the second side. Transfer to a warm plate lined with paper towels. Cook in batches, adding fresh oil between batches.
7. Serve immediately. These clouds are at their most ethereal within minutes of leaving the pan — the air bubbles that give them their lightness gradually escape as the fritters cool, and the texture becomes progressively denser and more conventional over time. Serve at once with the yogurt dipping sauce, fresh dill, and lemon wedges.

Pro Tips

• Serve immediately and without compromise — zucchini clouds begin to deflate and densify within 10–15 minutes of cooking as the trapped air bubbles escape and the structure relaxes. They are at their peak in the first 5 minutes out of the pan. Plan to cook and serve in rapid succession; do not hold them in the oven or stack them on a plate.
• Room-temperature aquafaba whips faster and more stably than cold — remove the tin from the refrigerator (if stored cold) 30 minutes before whipping, or stand the open tin in warm water for 5 minutes. Cold aquafaba can whip but takes longer and produces a less stable foam that collapses more quickly during folding.
• Medium heat is correct — the temptation is to use high heat for a crisper exterior, but the aquafaba foam in the batter requires time at moderate temperature to expand gently and set. High heat browns the exterior before the air bubbles inside have expanded and set, producing a flat, dense fritter rather than a cloud.
• Fold in three additions — the three-addition fold is not pedantry; the first addition loosens the dense zucchini base enough for the subsequent additions to be folded in without deflating the foam entirely. Adding all the foam at once to a dense base requires so much mixing to incorporate it that most of the air is lost.

Aquafaba: The Accidental Egg White

The discovery that aquafaba — the viscous liquid drained from a tin of chickpeas and historically discarded as kitchen waste — could be whipped into a stable foam indistinguishable in function from egg white is one of the most significant recent developments in vegan cooking, and its origin is both recent and precisely documented. In 2014, French tenor and amateur cook Joël Roessel began experimenting with various legume cooking liquids as potential egg white substitutes, publishing his findings on his blog and noting that certain bean liquids could be whipped to a meringue-like foam. His findings were picked up by software engineer Goose Wohlt in early 2015, who specifically identified tinned chickpea liquid as producing the most stable and reliable foam and coined the term “aquafaba” (from the Latin “aqua” for water and “faba” for bean) for it. Wohlt’s post to a vegan Facebook group in March 2015 demonstrating aquafaba meringues produced an immediate and widespread reaction in the vegan cooking community — within weeks, bakers and cooks worldwide were testing aquafaba in macarons, mousses, pavlovas, marshmallows, mayonnaise, and batters, and finding that it functioned effectively in every egg-white application they tried. The scientific explanation for aquafaba’s foaming properties was confirmed by food scientists subsequently: the liquid contains a mixture of starches (which contribute viscosity and foam stability), proteins (which unfold at the air-liquid interface to form the foam structure, exactly as egg white proteins do), and saponins (plant compounds that act as natural surfactants, lowering surface tension and facilitating foam formation). The chickpea happens to produce a particularly effective combination of these compounds — other legume cooking liquids work to varying degrees, but chickpea liquid remains the most reliable and most widely used. Aquafaba’s discovery transformed vegan baking from a discipline defined by compromise into one with genuine technical solutions: the zucchini clouds in this recipe would be impossible without it.

Flavor Variations

• Feta-Style and Mint Zucchini Clouds: Replace the dill with 3 tablespoons of fresh mint, and add 80g of crumbled vegan feta-style cheese (or firm tofu marinated in lemon juice, salt, and a pinch of dried oregano) to the zucchini base before folding in the aquafaba. The mint and vegan feta combination gives the clouds a Greek-inflected character — bright, tangy, and fragrant.
• Corn and Chilli Zucchini Clouds: Replace 100g of the grated zucchini with 100g of fresh or frozen sweetcorn kernels (thawed if frozen) and add 1 finely sliced red chilli and ½ teaspoon of ground cumin to the base. Replace the dill with fresh coriander (cilantro). The corn adds sweetness and texture; the chilli and cumin add warmth. Serve with a lime and avocado dipping sauce.
• Japanese-Inspired Zucchini Clouds: Replace the dill and parsley with 3 finely sliced spring onions (extra) and 1 tablespoon of white miso paste worked into the base (reduce the salt accordingly). Add 1 teaspoon of toasted sesame oil and 1 tablespoon of finely sliced pickled ginger. Serve with a dipping sauce of tamari, rice vinegar, and a drop of toasted sesame oil. The miso adds a deep, fermented savouriness that transforms the clouds into something distinctly umami-forward.

Nutritional Highlights (Per Serving — Based on 4 Servings)

Storage

• Best eaten immediately — zucchini clouds are specifically designed around the ephemeral quality of a freshly cooked whipped-aquafaba fritter. They are best within 5 minutes of cooking and should be served directly from the pan. This is not a make-ahead dish.
• Leftovers: Store in a sealed container in the refrigerator for up to 2 days. The clouds will have deflated and densified by this point and are no longer light in the original sense — they become more like a conventional courgette fritter. Re-warm in a dry non-stick pan over medium heat for 2 minutes per side. They remain tasty but the cloud quality is not recoverable after refrigeration.
• The uncooked batter does not store — the whipped aquafaba foam collapses over time. Cook the batter immediately after folding in the aquafaba; do not make the full batter in advance.
• Dipping sauce: The yogurt dipping sauce keeps in the refrigerator for up to 3 days and improves in flavour over the first 24 hours as the garlic infuses.

Frequently Asked Questions

My aquafaba won’t whip to stiff peaks. What’s wrong?

The most common causes of aquafaba failing to whip: the bowl or beaters had traces of fat or oil (fat destabilises the foam protein network — wash and dry everything thoroughly); the aquafaba was too cold (bring to room temperature before whipping); the cream of tartar was omitted (it stabilises the foam by lowering pH); or the aquafaba was too dilute (some brands are more concentrated than others — if the liquid is very thin and watery, reduce it by simmering for 5 minutes and cooling before whipping). Some brands produce a thicker, more protein-rich liquid than others; if one brand consistently fails, try another.

Can I make these in the oven instead of a pan?

Baked aquafaba fritters do not achieve the same lightness as pan-fried ones — the oven’s indirect heat causes the foam to collapse more slowly and unevenly than a hot pan, and the fritters spread and flatten rather than puffing. Pan frying with medium heat is the correct method for this recipe. If baking is necessary, preheat a greased baking tray in the oven at 200°C before spooning the batter on — the hot tray provides the immediate bottom heat that helps the fritters hold their shape.

Can I substitute the chickpea liquid with a different bean liquid?

Other white bean cooking liquids (cannellini, butter beans) can be substituted — they have similar protein and starch compositions to chickpea liquid and whip reasonably well. Black bean liquid works but imparts a slight colour. Chickpea liquid remains the most reliable and most neutral-flavoured option and is the specific recommendation for this recipe.

How do I know when to flip the clouds?

The clouds are ready to flip when the base is golden (visible by lifting one edge gently with a spatula), the edges are set and no longer wet-looking, and the top surface is no longer completely liquid — there will still be a slight wobble in the centre, which is correct. If the cloud moves as a single, cohesive unit when you slide the spatula under it, it is ready. If it is still adhering to the pan and resisting the spatula, leave it for another 60 seconds.

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